형태: had + 과거분사
용법: 과거의 두 시점 중 더 이전에 일어난 일
기본: I had finished dinner when he called.
부정: I had not finished dinner yet.
의문: Had you finished dinner before 7 PM?
시간 표현: by the time, before, after, already, just, never
형태: will have + 과거분사
용법: 미래의 특정 시점까지 완료될 일
현재완료진행: have/has been + ~ing
과거완료진행: had been + ~ing
미래완료진행: will have been + ~ing
현재완료진행: I have been studying for 3 hours.
과거완료진행: I had been waiting for an hour when she arrived.
미래완료진행: I will have been working here for 10 years next month.
시제 일치: 주절과 종속절의 시제 관계
가정법과 시제: If I had known, I would have come.
시제 일치: He said he had been busy.
가정법 과거완료: If I had studied harder, I would have passed.